Pediatric Sunscreen Protection

Key Points

• First line of defense against UV-induced skin damage
• Critical for preventing pediatric skin cancers
• Essential component of comprehensive sun protection strategy
• Age-appropriate selection crucial for compliance

UV Radiation Effects

• UVA (320-400nm):
  • Penetrates deeply into dermis
  • Causes photoaging and DNA damage
  • Present year-round, penetrates glass
• UVB (290-320nm):
  • Primary cause of sunburns
  • Highest intensity 10am-4pm
  • Key role in vitamin D synthesis

Types of Sunscreens

1. Physical Blockers

• Zinc Oxide:
  • Broad-spectrum protection
  • Non-irritating, ideal for sensitive skin
  • Concentration range: 5-25%
  • First choice for infants and toddlers
• Titanium Dioxide:
  • Excellent UVB protection
  • Less effective against UVA
  • Concentration range: 2-15%
  • Often combined with zinc oxide

2. Chemical Filters

• Avobenzone:
  • UVA protection
  • Concentration: 2-3%
  • Requires stabilizers
• Octinoxate:
  • UVB protection
  • Concentration: 5-7.5%
  • Avoid in children under 2 years
• Octocrylene:
  • UVB and short UVA protection
  • Concentration: 2-10%
  • Photostable compound

Clinical Recommendations

Age-Specific Guidelines

• 0-6 months:
  • Physical protection preferred
  • Minimal sunscreen use
  • Limited sun exposure
• 6-24 months:
  • Physical blockers only
  • SPF 30-50+
  • Regular reapplication every 2 hours
• 2+ years:
  • Combination or chemical products acceptable
  • SPF 30-50+
  • Water-resistant formulations for activities

Application Guidelines

• Amount:
  • 2mg/cm² of skin surface
  • 30ml for full body coverage
  • 1 teaspoon for face/neck
• Timing:
  • Apply 15-30 minutes before exposure
  • Reapply every 2 hours
  • After swimming/sweating: immediate reapplication

Special Clinical Scenarios

High-Risk Conditions

• Photosensitivity Disorders:
  • Higher SPF requirement (50+)
  • Physical blockers preferred
  • Additional protective measures essential
• Immunosuppression:
  • Strict sun protection protocol
  • Regular dermatological monitoring
  • Education about skin cancer risks

Product Selection Criteria

• Formulation Types:
  • Creams: Dry/normal skin
  • Lotions: Large areas/hairy regions
  • Sticks: Face/ears application
  • Sprays: Careful application needed
• Special Features:
  • Water resistance ratings
  • Broad-spectrum protection
  • Non-comedogenic formulations
  • Tear-free formulations

Monitoring & Follow-up

• Adverse Effects:
  • Contact dermatitis monitoring
  • Photoallergic reactions
  • Acne exacerbation
• Effectiveness Assessment:
  • Regular skin examinations
  • UV exposure documentation
  • Compliance evaluation