Pediatric Iodine Preparations
Key Points
- Essential micronutrient for thyroid hormone synthesis
- Critical for neurocognitive development
- Deficiency is preventable but remains common globally
- Both deficiency and excess can cause thyroid dysfunction
- Different preparations available for prevention and treatment
Daily Requirements
- Premature infants: 30-40 μg/kg/day
- 0-6 months: 110 μg/day
- 7-12 months: 130 μg/day
- 1-8 years: 90 μg/day
- 9-13 years: 120 μg/day
- 14-18 years: 150 μg/day
Available Iodine Preparations
Oral Preparations
- Potassium Iodide (KI)
- Solution: 65 mg/mL
- Tablets: 65 mg, 130 mg
- Used for radiation exposure protection
- Sodium Iodide
- Oral drops
- Combined with multivitamins
- Lugol's Solution (Strong Iodine)
- Contains 5% iodine, 10% potassium iodide
- Used for thyroid storm
Topical Preparations
- Povidone-Iodine (Betadine)
- Solution: 5%, 10%
- Scrub: 7.5%
- Ointment: 10%
- Iodine Tincture
- 2% iodine in alcohol
- Limited use in pediatrics
Radiographic Contrast Media
- Iohexol
- Iopamidol
- Iodixanol
- Used for diagnostic imaging
Clinical Applications
Preventive Use
- Iodine Deficiency Prevention
- Endemic areas supplementation
- Pregnancy and lactation
- Preterm infant nutrition
- Radiation Emergency
- 0-1 month: 16 mg KI
- 1 month-3 years: 32 mg KI
- 3-12 years: 65 mg KI
- 12-18 years: 130 mg KI
Therapeutic Use
- Thyroid Disorders
- Thyroid storm: Lugol's solution
- Pre-operative thyroid surgery
- Graves' disease management
- Antisepsis
- Surgical site preparation
- Wound care
- Umbilical cord care
Special Considerations and Monitoring
Risk Assessment
- Deficiency Risk Factors
- Geographic location
- Dietary restrictions
- Malabsorption disorders
- Excess Risk Factors
- Contrast studies
- Maternal excess
- Topical absorption
Monitoring
- Clinical Assessment
- Growth and development
- Thyroid examination
- Neurocognitive development
- Laboratory Monitoring
- Urinary iodine concentration
- Thyroid function tests
- Newborn screening
Adverse Effects
- Iodine Excess
- Wolff-Chaikoff effect
- Hypothyroidism
- Thyroid autoimmunity
- Local Reactions
- Skin irritation
- Contact dermatitis
- Chemical burns
- Systemic Reactions
- Allergic reactions
- Contrast-induced nephropathy
- Thyroid dysfunction
Further Reading
