Dairy Products Guide: Nutrients & Precautions
Fresh Milk Varieties
Cow's Milk (Indian Indigenous Breeds)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 67 kcal
- Protein: 3.2g
- Fat: 4.1g
- Calcium: 120mg
- Phosphorus: 90mg
- Vitamin B12: 0.4μg
- Vitamin A: 50 IU
Clinical Applications:
- Growth and development during critical periods
- Calcium supplementation for bone health
- Protein-energy malnutrition
- Convalescence after acute illness
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Cow's milk protein allergy
- Lactose intolerance
- Not suitable for infants below 12 months
- Risk of iron deficiency if used as primary drink in toddlers
Buffalo Milk
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 117 kcal
- Protein: 4.3g
- Fat: 7.5g
- Calcium: 180mg
- Phosphorus: 120mg
- Vitamin A: 80 IU
- Vitamin B2: 0.15mg
Clinical Applications:
- High-calorie requirements in failure to thrive
- Enhanced calcium supplementation
- Nutritional rehabilitation
- Weight gain in undernourished children
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High fat content - avoid in obesity
- Milk protein allergy
- May be too dense for young infants
- Not suitable for children with high cholesterol
Goat's Milk
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 69 kcal
- Protein: 3.4g
- Fat: 4.1g
- Calcium: 134mg
- Phosphorus: 111mg
- Medium-chain fatty acids: Higher than cow's milk
- Smaller fat globules than cow's milk
Clinical Applications:
- Alternative in mild cow's milk protein sensitivity
- Better digestibility in some GI conditions
- Fat malabsorption syndromes
- Recovery from intestinal infections
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Cross-reactivity with cow's milk protein allergy
- Low in folic acid - may need supplementation
- High sodium content - caution in renal conditions
- Not suitable as exclusive milk source for infants
Fermented Dairy Products
Dahi (Indian Yogurt)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 59 kcal
- Protein: 3.3g
- Fat: 3.0g
- Calcium: 149mg
- Probiotic content: Lactobacillus, Streptococcus species
- Vitamin B12: 0.4μg
- Partially digested proteins
Clinical Applications:
- Acute diarrheal diseases
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention
- Better protein digestibility in malnutrition
- Lactose intolerance (partially broken down)
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Severe milk protein allergy
- Immunocompromised states (unpasteurized)
- Active inflammatory bowel disease flares
- Caution in severe lactose intolerance
Lassi (Buttermilk)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 36 kcal
- Protein: 3.0g
- Fat: 0.8g
- Calcium: 100mg
- Potassium: 150mg
- Probiotic content: Various beneficial bacteria
- Natural electrolytes
Clinical Applications:
- Mild dehydration management
- Summer diarrhea prevention
- Probiotic supplementation
- Nutritional drink for lactose intolerant children
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Severe dehydration (inadequate electrolyte content)
- Milk protein allergy
- Acute severe diarrhea
- Not suitable for infants
Traditional Fresh Cheese Products
Paneer (Indian Fresh Cheese)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 265 kcal
- Protein: 18.3g
- Fat: 20.8g
- Calcium: 208mg
- Phosphorus: 138mg
- Zinc: 0.8mg
- Selenium: 15.5μg
Clinical Applications:
- Protein supplementation in vegetarian diets
- Growth spurts in adolescents
- Sports nutrition for athletic children
- Recovery phase of protein-losing conditions
- Alternative protein source in egg allergy
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Milk protein allergy
- Obesity (due to high fat content)
- Kidney disease (high protein content)
- Not suitable for children with galactosemia
Chena (Eastern Indian Fresh Cheese)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 240 kcal
- Protein: 16.7g
- Fat: 18.5g
- Calcium: 186mg
- Magnesium: 24mg
- Vitamin A: 400 IU
- Moisture content: Higher than paneer
Clinical Applications:
- Easily digestible protein source
- Post-illness weight gain
- Calcium supplementation in growing children
- Soft protein source after dental procedures
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Short shelf life - risk of contamination
- Not suitable for severe lactose intolerance
- High moisture content - caution in immunocompromised
- Milk protein sensitivity
Traditional Fermented Products
Kefir
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 65 kcal
- Protein: 3.3g
- Fat: 3.5g
- Complex probiotics: Multiple strains
- Vitamin K2: 0.5μg
- Biotin: 1.2μg
- Folate: 12μg
Clinical Applications:
- Gut microbiome restoration after antibiotics
- Chronic constipation
- Recurrent respiratory infections
- Atopic conditions
- Better calcium absorption in growing children
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
- Immunocompromised states
- Initial introduction should be gradual
- Histamine sensitivity
Kumiss (Fermented Mare's Milk)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 55 kcal
- Protein: 2.1g
- Fat: 1.8g
- Vitamin C: 10mg
- Iron: 0.3mg
- Unique peptides and bacteriocins
- Natural probiotics
Clinical Applications:
- Traditional use in respiratory conditions
- Immune system modulation
- Alternative in cow's milk allergy
- Chronic digestive disorders
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Contains trace alcohol - not suitable for all cultures
- Limited availability
- Cross-reactivity with other milk proteins possible
- Not recommended for infants
Clarified Butter Products
Ghee (Indian Clarified Butter)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 900 kcal
- Fat: 99.8g
- Vitamin A: 3400 IU
- Vitamin E: 2.8mg
- Vitamin K2: 8.6μg
- Butyric acid
- CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)
Clinical Applications:
- Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation
- Ketogenic diets for epilepsy
- Better tolerance in some lactose intolerant children
- Traditional use in malabsorption syndromes
- Brain development (essential fatty acids)
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Obesity
- Hyperlipidemia
- Some cases of milk protein allergy
- Moderation needed in healthy children
Special Milk Varieties
Camel Milk
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 46 kcal
- Protein: 3.1g
- Fat: 3.0g
- Insulin-like proteins: Present
- Lactoferrin: Higher than cow's milk
- Vitamin C: 3 times more than cow's milk
- Unique immunoglobulins
Clinical Applications:
- Alternative in cow's milk protein allergy
- Traditional use in autism spectrum disorders
- Type 1 diabetes (contains insulin-like proteins)
- Food allergies and autoimmune conditions
- Iron-deficiency anemia (better iron absorption)
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Limited availability and high cost
- Possible cross-reactivity in severe milk allergy
- Needs more research for specific conditions
- Not suitable as sole nutrition source
Regional Fermented Products
Shrikhand (Indian Sweet Fermented Dairy)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 285 kcal
- Protein: 10.2g
- Fat: 7.8g
- Calcium: 169mg
- Probiotic content: High
- Naturally occurring sugars: 26g
- Lactic acid bacteria: Multiple strains
Clinical Applications:
- Weight gain in malnourished children
- Recovery phase of gastroenteritis
- High-calorie supplement in failure to thrive
- Probiotic supplementation in gut disorders
- Calcium supplementation in growing children
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Diabetes (high sugar content)
- Obesity
- Lactose intolerance
- Caution in dental caries
Mishti Doi (Bengali Sweet Yogurt)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 195 kcal
- Protein: 4.2g
- Fat: 4.5g
- Calcium: 150mg
- Probiotics: Multiple beneficial strains
- Natural caramelized sugars: 20g
- B-complex vitamins: Enhanced by fermentation
Clinical Applications:
- Nutritional supplementation in picky eaters
- Probiotic therapy in gut health
- Calcium source for lactose intolerant children
- Recovery meals in convalescence
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High sugar content - avoid in diabetes
- Obesity management
- Severe milk protein allergy
- Active dental caries
Matzoon (Armenian Fermented Milk)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 52 kcal
- Protein: 3.4g
- Fat: 2.8g
- Unique probiotic strains
- Lactic acid: Higher than regular yogurt
- Peptides: Partially digested proteins
- Natural bacteriocins
Clinical Applications:
- Traditional immune system booster
- Digestive health maintenance
- Recovery from intestinal infections
- Alternative to regular yogurt in GI conditions
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Immunocompromised states
- Severe lactose intolerance
- Active inflammatory bowel disease
- Limited availability
Special Milk Varieties
Yak Milk (Himalayan Region)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 122 kcal
- Protein: 5.2g
- Fat: 6.7g
- Calcium: 210mg
- Iron: 0.4mg
- Essential fatty acids: Higher than cow's milk
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Significantly present
Clinical Applications:
- High-altitude nutrition supplementation
- Enhanced calcium supplementation
- Brain development (omega fatty acids)
- Growth promotion in failure to thrive
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High fat content - obesity risk
- Limited availability
- Possible cross-reactivity with cow's milk allergy
- Cost considerations
Sheep Milk
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 108 kcal
- Protein: 5.6g
- Fat: 7.0g
- Calcium: 193mg
- Zinc: 0.5mg
- Medium-chain fatty acids: High content
- Conjugated linoleic acid: Present
Clinical Applications:
- Alternative in cow's milk intolerance
- Enhanced protein supplementation
- Calcium deficiency states
- Growth promotion in selected cases
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High fat content - monitor in obesity
- Cross-reactivity with cow's milk protein allergy
- Cost and availability limitations
- Strong taste may affect compliance
Traditional Therapeutic Dairy Preparations
Takra (Medicated Buttermilk)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 32 kcal
- Protein: 3.2g
- Fat: 0.8g
- Probiotic content: Enhanced
- Natural electrolytes
- Digestive enzymes: Present
- Bioactive peptides
Clinical Applications:
- Traditional use in digestive disorders
- Mild dehydration management
- Chronic digestive conditions
- Nutritional supplementation in diarrheal diseases
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Severe dehydration
- Acute gastroenteritis
- Milk protein allergy
- Caution in renal conditions
Traditional Therapeutic Dairy Preparations (Continued)
Mattha (Spiced Buttermilk)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 34 kcal
- Protein: 3.3g
- Fat: 0.9g
- Calcium: 116mg
- Potassium: 142mg
- Natural spice bioactives
- Probiotic content: Enhanced by spices
Clinical Applications:
- Summer dehydration prevention
- IBS symptom management
- Digestive enzyme stimulation
- Electrolyte balance in mild gastroenteritis
- Traditional use in appetite stimulation
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Spice allergies
- Severe gastritis
- Milk protein allergy
- Not suitable for severe dehydration
Kheer (Rice Milk Preparation)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 138 kcal
- Protein: 4.2g
- Fat: 4.8g
- Complex carbohydrates: 18.5g
- Calcium: 130mg
- Essential amino acids: Complete profile
- Natural cardamom compounds
Clinical Applications:
- Recovery meals post illness
- Caloric supplementation in underweight
- Traditional weaning food
- Easy digestibility in convalescence
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Diabetes (high carbohydrate content)
- Obesity management
- Rice allergy
- Monitor portion size in regular diet
Regional Cheese Varieties
Bandel Cheese (Bengali Smoked Cheese)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 248 kcal
- Protein: 32.5g
- Fat: 12.4g
- Calcium: 760mg
- Phosphorus: 420mg
- Sodium: 890mg
- Smoke-derived compounds: Present
Clinical Applications:
- High protein supplementation
- Calcium rich source for growth
- Sports nutrition in adolescents
- Protein energy malnutrition
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High sodium - avoid in hypertension
- Milk protein allergy
- Smoking compounds - caution in young children
- Monitor portion size due to salt content
Kalari (Himalayan Cheese)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 292 kcal
- Protein: 22.1g
- Fat: 23.4g
- Calcium: 680mg
- Zinc: 2.8mg
- CLA content: High
- Unique fatty acid profile
Clinical Applications:
- High altitude nutritional supplementation
- Growth promotion in cold climates
- Sports nutrition for highland children
- Calcium supplementation in growing years
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High fat content - monitor in obesity
- Limited availability
- Cost considerations
- Strong flavor may affect compliance
Specialized Fermented Products
Viili (Nordic Fermented Milk)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 63 kcal
- Protein: 3.5g
- Fat: 3.9g
- Unique probiotic strains
- Exopolysaccharides: Present
- Bioactive peptides
- Natural antimicrobial compounds
Clinical Applications:
- Gut microbiome modulation
- Enhanced protein digestibility
- Traditional immune support
- Alternative probiotic source
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Limited availability
- Unusual texture may affect acceptance
- Cross-reactivity with milk allergy
- Caution in immunocompromised states
Skyr (Icelandic Cultured Dairy)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 63 kcal
- Protein: 11.0g
- Fat: 0.2g
- Calcium: 150mg
- Vitamin B12: 0.9μg
- Probiotics: Multiple strains
- Casein proteins: Concentrated
Clinical Applications:
- High protein needs in growing children
- Sports nutrition in adolescents
- Low-fat diet requirements
- Protein supplementation in vegetarians
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High protein content - monitor in kidney disease
- Milk protein allergy
- Cost considerations
- Thick texture may affect acceptance
Traditional Medicinal Dairy Preparations
Ksheera Bala (Ayurvedic Milk Preparation)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 82 kcal
- Protein: 3.8g
- Fat: 4.2g
- Calcium: 135mg
- Herbal bioactives: Present
- Essential fatty acids: Enhanced
- Natural alkaloids: Trace amounts
Clinical Applications:
- Traditional use in neurological development
- Growth promotion in failure to thrive
- Recovery from chronic illness
- Traditional immune enhancement
- Nutritional support in developmental delays
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Herbal allergies
- Milk protein sensitivity
- Requires proper preparation
- Monitor for herb-drug interactions
Basundi (Concentrated Milk Preparation)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 186 kcal
- Protein: 6.8g
- Fat: 8.4g
- Calcium: 210mg
- Natural cardamom compounds
- Concentrated milk proteins
- Essential micronutrients: Enhanced
Clinical Applications:
- High-calorie supplementation
- Post-illness weight gain
- Growth promotion in underweight
- Traditional strength builder
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Lactose intolerance
- Monitor lipid levels with regular use
Regional Cultured Products
Qurut (Central Asian Dried Yogurt)
Nutrient Content (per 100g):
- Energy: 412 kcal
- Protein: 58.5g
- Fat: 14.2g
- Calcium: 1200mg
- Salt: 2.8g
- Concentrated probiotics
- Dehydrated bioactive compounds
Clinical Applications:
- High-protein supplementation
- Travel nutrition
- Emergency nutrition in disasters
- Calcium supplementation
Contraindications/Precautions:
- High sodium content - hypertension
- Rehydration needed before consumption
- Strong taste may affect compliance
- Monitor fluid intake with use
Amasi (African Fermented Milk)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 60 kcal
- Protein: 3.8g
- Fat: 3.2g
- Lactic acid: High
- Indigenous probiotics
- Natural antimicrobials
- Bioactive peptides
Clinical Applications:
- Traditional weaning food
- Digestive health maintenance
- Nutritional diarrhea prevention
- Protein supplementation in limited resources
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Safety in preparation important
- Standardization issues
- Storage limitations
- Traditional preparation risks
Filmjölk (Swedish Fermented Milk)
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 58 kcal
- Protein: 3.4g
- Fat: 3.0g
- Unique probiotic strains
- Vitamin K2: Enhanced
- Calcium: 120mg
- Bioactive peptides: Present
Clinical Applications:
- Alternative to regular yogurt
- Digestive health maintenance
- Calcium supplementation
- Probiotic therapy in children
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Limited availability
- Milk protein allergy
- Different texture - acceptance issues
- Cost considerations
Specialized Milk Products
Mare's Milk
Nutrient Content (per 100ml):
- Energy: 44 kcal
- Protein: 2.0g
- Fat: 1.2g
- Lactose: 6.4g
- Vitamin C: 8.1mg
- Lysozyme: High content
- Unique immunological factors
Clinical Applications:
- Alternative in cow's milk allergy
- Traditional immune support
- Skin conditions (traditional use)
- Digestive disorders
Contraindications/Precautions:
- Very limited availability
- High cost
- Storage challenges
- Needs more research for pediatric use
Disclaimer
The notes provided on Pediatime are generated from online resources and AI sources and have been carefully checked for accuracy. However, these notes are not intended to replace standard textbooks. They are designed to serve as a quick review and revision tool for medical students and professionals, and to aid in theory exam preparation. For comprehensive learning, please refer to recommended textbooks and guidelines.
