Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children

Introduction to Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. It occurs more frequently in children with type 1 diabetes but can also affect those with type 2 diabetes.

Key features of DKA include:

  • Severe insulin deficiency
  • Elevated counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, catecholamines)
  • Hyperglycemia (blood glucose usually >250 mg/dL)
  • Metabolic acidosis (pH <7.3 or bicarbonate <15 mmol/L)
  • Ketonemia and ketonuria

The management of DKA in children requires a careful, systematic approach to correct dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis while gradually lowering blood glucose levels and preventing complications.

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