Measles Infection and Complications in Children

Introduction to Measles Infection in Children

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. It is caused by the measles virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, measles remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries.

Measles is characterized by its distinctive rash and a constellation of symptoms including fever, cough, and conjunctivitis. The disease can lead to serious complications, especially in young children, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women. The World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted measles for global elimination, but outbreaks continue to occur even in countries with high vaccination rates.



Image Gallery

These medical images are collected from various internet sources for educational purposes. Each image includes a source link; by clicking the source, you will be taken to the corresponding source website page.



Measles: Objective QnA
  1. What is the causative agent of measles?
    Measles virus (Paramyxovirus family)
  2. What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
    Airborne respiratory droplets
  3. What is the incubation period for measles?
    7-14 days (average 10-12 days)
  4. What are the characteristic symptoms of the prodromal phase of measles?
    Fever, cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis (3 C's)
  5. What is the name of the pathognomonic enanthem seen in measles?
    Koplik spots
  6. Where are Koplik spots typically found?
    Buccal mucosa opposite the lower molars
  7. What is the characteristic rash of measles called?
    Maculopapular rash
  8. In what order does the measles rash typically spread?
    Head to trunk to extremities
  9. How long does the measles rash usually last?
    5-7 days
  10. What is the most common complication of measles in children?
    Otitis media
  11. What is the most serious respiratory complication of measles?
    Pneumonia
  12. What is the most severe neurological complication of measles?
    Acute encephalitis
  13. What is the rare but fatal late complication of measles that can occur years after infection?
    Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
  14. What vitamin deficiency is associated with increased severity of measles?
    Vitamin A deficiency
  15. How long is a person with measles considered infectious?
    From 4 days before to 4 days after rash onset
  16. What is the recommended age for the first dose of the MMR vaccine?
    12-15 months
  17. When is the second dose of the MMR vaccine typically given?
    4-6 years of age
  18. What is the efficacy of two doses of the MMR vaccine in preventing measles?
    97-99%
  19. Can measles infection occur in vaccinated individuals?
    Yes, but it's rare and usually milder (breakthrough infection)
  20. What is the R0 (basic reproduction number) of measles?
    12-18, one of the most contagious viruses known
  21. What percentage of susceptible household contacts typically develop measles after exposure?
    90%
  22. What is the typical duration of immunity after natural measles infection?
    Lifelong
  23. What type of genetic material does the measles virus contain?
    Single-stranded negative-sense RNA
  24. Which cells does the measles virus primarily infect?
    Lymphocytes and epithelial cells
  25. What is the name of the receptor the measles virus uses to enter cells?
    CD150 (SLAM) receptor
  26. What is the approximate size of a measles virus particle?
    100-300 nanometers
  27. What is the global vaccination coverage for the first dose of measles-containing vaccine?
    Approximately 85% (as of 2021)
  28. What is the most common cause of death in measles cases?
    Pneumonia
  29. Can measles infection during pregnancy affect the fetus?
    Yes, it can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm birth


Video Notes

The videos on Pediatime are created using the same notes provided on this platform, with added background soothing music. Each video is concise, lasting around 3-5 minutes, designed to help students and professionals read and review the content quickly and repeatedly. These videos aim to simplify the process of learning and remembering key points of the subject. While they may not cover topics in full depth, they are intended to provide valuable insights and aid in gaining some essential knowledge.

Please pause the video wherever needed, as it may move quickly or provide less time to read. For a comprehensive understanding, always refer to standard textbooks and guidelines.



Disclaimer

The notes provided on Pediatime are generated from online resources and AI sources and have been carefully checked for accuracy. However, these notes are not intended to replace standard textbooks. They are designed to serve as a quick review and revision tool for medical students and professionals, and to aid in theory exam preparation. For comprehensive learning, please refer to recommended textbooks and guidelines.



Powered by Blogger.
For mobile users: Use horizontal view or desktop mode for best experience. Please click on an ad before leaving.