Cholera Vaccines

Introduction to Cholera Vaccines

Cholera vaccines are biological preparations designed to protect against cholera, an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera can lead to severe dehydration and death if left untreated.

Key Points:

  • Cholera vaccines are an important tool in cholera control, especially in endemic areas and during outbreaks.
  • They are used alongside other preventive measures such as improved sanitation and access to clean water.
  • The first cholera vaccine was developed in 1885 by Jaime Ferrán, a Spanish physician.
  • Modern cholera vaccines are much safer and more effective than early versions.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of cholera vaccines in conjunction with other cholera prevention and control strategies.


Cholera Vaccines
  1. What is cholera?
    An acute diarrheal illness caused by infection with Vibrio cholerae bacteria
  2. How many types of cholera vaccines are currently available?
    Two main types: oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) and injectable vaccines
  3. Which oral cholera vaccines are prequalified by the WHO?
    Dukoral, Shanchol, Euvichol, and Euvichol-Plus
  4. What is the composition of most oral cholera vaccines?
    Killed whole-cell V. cholerae O1, with or without V. cholerae O139
  5. How is Dukoral different from other oral cholera vaccines?
    It contains recombinant cholera toxin B subunit in addition to killed whole cells
  6. What is the recommended dosing schedule for most oral cholera vaccines?
    Two doses given 1-6 weeks apart
  7. At what age can oral cholera vaccines be given?
    From 1 year of age and older, depending on the specific vaccine
  8. How long does protection last after cholera vaccination?
    Typically 3-5 years, with some vaccines providing shorter duration of protection
  9. What is the efficacy of oral cholera vaccines?
    About 65-85% protection in the first 6 months after vaccination
  10. Are cholera vaccines recommended for routine use in all countries?
    No, they are primarily recommended in cholera-endemic areas or during outbreaks
  11. What is the role of cholera vaccines in outbreak control?
    Can be used as part of a comprehensive control strategy, along with water and sanitation improvements
  12. Can cholera vaccines be given to pregnant women?
    Yes, the killed oral cholera vaccines are considered safe in pregnancy
  13. What is the global stockpile of oral cholera vaccines used for?
    For emergency response to outbreaks and in humanitarian crises
  14. Are cholera vaccines 100% effective in preventing cholera?
    No, they provide significant but not complete protection
  15. What are the main advantages of oral cholera vaccines?
    Easy to administer, good safety profile, and can induce herd immunity
  16. Can cholera vaccines be used in HIV-positive individuals?
    Yes, but the immune response may be lower than in HIV-negative individuals
  17. What is the role of cholera vaccination in travelers?
    Recommended for travelers to high-risk areas, especially aid workers
  18. How quickly does protection develop after cholera vaccination?
    Usually within 7-10 days after completing the vaccination course
  19. Are there any contraindications for oral cholera vaccines?
    Severe allergic reaction to previous dose or any vaccine component
  20. What is the storage requirement for most oral cholera vaccines?
    2-8°C (refrigerator temperature), should not be frozen


Disclaimer

The notes provided on Pediatime are generated from online resources and AI sources and have been carefully checked for accuracy. However, these notes are not intended to replace standard textbooks. They are designed to serve as a quick review and revision tool for medical students and professionals, and to aid in theory exam preparation. For comprehensive learning, please refer to recommended textbooks and guidelines.





Powered by Blogger.
For mobile users: Use horizontal view or desktop mode for best experience. Please click on an ad before leaving.